He graduated from the Third Faculty of Medicine at Charles University in Prague and, in 1991, joined the Psychiatric Centre Prague (PCP), which was transformed in 2015 into the National Institute of Mental Health (NUDZ). Since 2009, he has held the position of Head of the Clinical Department at PCP/NUDZ and also serves as the Deputy Director for Medical Care at NUDZ.

From 1995 to 1998, he worked as a research scientist in the Department of Clinical Research at the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research in the United States. In addition to his clinical practice, he is engaged in clinical psychiatric research and serves as the principal investigator of numerous grant-funded projects. He is actively involved in undergraduate and postgraduate education and holds a professorship in psychiatry at the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague. He also lectures at the Faculty of Health Studies in Liberec. His professional interests include psychopharmacology, the neurobiology of mental disorders, and the representation of mental illness and psychopathology in art.

He is the author of numerous scientific papers, textbook chapters, and monographs, and regularly publishes in peer-reviewed international and domestic journals. He frequently lectures at professional meetings both in the Czech Republic and abroad, is a member of editorial boards of national and international scientific journals, and professional associations. He has received several awards, including the National Psychiatric Prize of Professor Vondráček in 2018 and 2023.

He served as President of the Czech Neuropsychopharmacological Society in 2009–2010 and 2027–2028, and was a member of the Board of the Czech Psychiatric Association of the Czech Medical Society (ČLS JEP), serving as its President from 2019 to 2022. Since 2012, he has been a member of the European Network Adult ADHD and the European Group for Research in Schizophrenia (EGRIS). He is also a Board Member of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) and Chair of the EPA Section on Psychopharmacology.